黒ヒゲ is black mustache/beard, and タル is barrel. Perhaps they mean a barrel with black bands. The line in question seems to be something like 'produced a barrel out of absolutely nowhere...'.
That's how I interpreted it myself at first, but the characters ヒゲタル seem to be getting quite a couple of hits on Google by themselves, without the qualifier 黒. Some examples:
ヒゲタルな自分が好きです ヒゲタルでごめんなさい
These made me wonder if there isn't some other meaning to the phrase. Maybe I'm just overthinking this.
First, we take this completely ordinary barrel...Sakuya's Magic Tricks ①I'm bored. Sakuya, could you think of something to entertain me?Then, if I may be so insolent, I shall present you with my own straightforward magic trick, a specialty of mine.Get in.And that China over there.A straight-forward magic trick using a Pop-up Pirate barrel... Hahah.You're trying to kill me, aren't you? Literally, no matter where you stab.